Edge Protection Requirements
Clarifying Code & Compliance for Accessible Routes
Edge protection is a critical safety feature in the design and construction of accessible routes. While often overlooked, these features can significantly impact the usability of ramps, landings, and walking surfaces. Their presence or absence plays a crucial role in accessibility. This is especially true where elevation changes on the sides of ramps create potential hazards. This blog examines when edge protection is required under applicable accessibility codes and standards.
What Is Edge Protection?
Edge protection is a design element that helps prevent wheelchair users, pedestrians with vision impairments and all others from accidentally leaving the walking surface and encountering a drop-off. It may take the form of curbs, walls, railings, or other barriers—most commonly in the context of ramps.
A compliant example of edge protection, featuring a 4-inch curb along the ramp and continuous handrails.
According to the 2012 Texas Accessibility Standards (TAS), Section 405.9:
“Edge protection complying with 405.9.1 or 405.9.2 shall be provided on each side of ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings.”
Edge protection can be either an extended surface beyond the handrail, or a curb or similar barrier.
405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with 505.
405.9.2 Curb or Barrier. A curb or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch (100 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the finish floor or ground surface.
This language is identical to the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (ADA 2010).
When Is Edge Protection Required?
Under TAS and ADA standards, edge protection is required only in specific conditions:
1. On accessible ramps and landings with drop-offs along the sides.
2. The ramp must meet the definition of a ramp under TAS/ADA, meaning it has a running slope greater than 1:20 (5%).
In these cases, a minimum 4-inch curb or equivalent feature must be installed to meet code requirements. The purpose is to prevent wheelchair casters, canes, or feet from slipping off the edge[JM1] .
When Is Edge Protection Not Required?
There are several common scenarios where edge protection is not mandated by TAS/ADA:
1. Curb ramps: These are not required to have edge protection, even when connecting to vehicular ways or parking areas.
2. Accessible routes with slopes ≤ 5%: A gently sloped walking surface that is not classified as a ramp does not need edge protection. This applies even if there are changes in the adjacent grade.
3. Flush transitions: When the accessible route is level with the surrounding landscaping or paving, there is no drop-off. In this case, edge protection is not needed.
Although it may be tempting to provide edge protection at locations where it is not required, edge protection should never be provided at a location where it would be unexpected or where it could create a tripping hazard.
Building Code Overlap: IBC Guardrail Requirements
While the ADA and TAS focus on accessibility, building codes such as the International Building Code (IBC) address occupant safety more broadly. Specifically, the IBC requires guards in locations where there is a drop-off of more than 30 inches.
Edge protection and guards serve different functions:
Edge protection is typically a low curb or barrier to keep wheels and feet from slipping off the edge.
Guards are taller structures (usually 42 inches high) designed to prevent falls by standing adults.
These requirements can overlap. A ramp or platform may need edge protection according to ADA/TAS. It might also require a guardrail under IBC, based on its height and location. Coordination between accessibility and building codes is essential to avoid compliance gaps.
Why Code Coordination Matters
Different codes have different scopes. Accessibility standards like ADA and TAS focus on usability for individuals with disabilities. The IBC focuses on broader life safety concerns for all occupants. Both may apply to the same feature but with different thresholds and intent.
For example, a platform that is 32 inches above grade with an accessible ramp will likely trigger both:
Edge protection per TAS 405.9, and
A guard per IBC Section 1015.
Design teams must review both sets of requirements during the planning and construction phases. This practice helps avoid costly revisions later.
ACI’s Role in Compliance
At ACI, we regularly review ramp, and walkway designs as part of our accessibility compliance assessments. Our role is to confirm that minimum accessibility requirements are met in accordance with federal and state standards. We also check for coordination with applicable building codes that may impose additional life safety requirements, such as guards.
Conclusion
Edge protection is a vital part of accessible route design, especially for ramps and landings adjacent to grade changes. Knowing exactly when it is required—and when it is not—ensures both compliance and clarity.
By concentrating on code-defined thresholds, design professionals can reduce confusion and liability. This approach helps ensure that their projects meet the expectations of both accessibility and building officials.
For assistance reviewing your project for compliance with ADA, FHA, and applicable building codes, ACI offers third-party plan reviews and site inspections nationwide.
Disclaimer: This content is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or regulatory advice. Accessibility requirements vary by jurisdiction. Always consult federal, state, and local regulations and licensed professionals to ensure compliance.